Fermi Estimation Under Pressure
Growth & Marketing
What it tests
Structured thinking with incomplete data and comfort making assumptions out loud
Format
- 1Candidate receives an ambiguous estimation prompt with no historical data — e.g. 'Estimate weekly toll revenue for the Golden Gate Bridge given only a blueprint'
- 2They have 15 minutes to work through the problem live, talking aloud the entire time
- 3Interviewer does not help but may ask 'what else would you need?' to probe assumptions
- 4Candidate must land on a specific number with a confidence range, not just a framework
What to look for
- Do they decompose the problem into discrete, logical sub-estimates — or freeze and hand-wave?
- Are their assumptions explicitly stated and reasonable, or buried and sloppy?
- Do they adjust on the fly when a sub-estimate feels off, or commit rigidly?
- Is the final number defensible, even if wrong — can they explain exactly how they got there?
Adaptation guide
Swap the prompt for something relevant to your product: 'Estimate how many users complete onboarding in the first 7 days' or 'How many support tickets does a 100K MAU SaaS company get per week?'
Full description
Format:
- Candidate receives an ambiguous estimation prompt with no historical data — e.g. "Estimate weekly toll revenue for the Golden Gate Bridge given only a blueprint"
- They have 15 minutes to work through the problem live, talking aloud the entire time
- Interviewer does not help but may ask "what else would you need?" to probe assumptions
- Candidate must land on a specific number with a confidence range, not just a framework
Time: 15 minutes
What to look for:
- Do they decompose the problem into discrete, logical sub-estimates — or freeze and hand-wave?
- Are their assumptions explicitly stated and reasonable, or buried and sloppy?
- Do they adjust on the fly when a sub-estimate feels off, or commit rigidly?
- Is the final number defensible, even if wrong — can they explain exactly how they got there?
Adaptation: Swap the prompt for something relevant to your product: "Estimate how many users complete onboarding in the first 7 days" or "How many support tickets does a 100K MAU SaaS company get per week?"